- Standarized mortality rates (SMRs) for white underground miners:*
- 6x lung cancer
- 24x pneumoconiosis, silicosis, others
- 4x tuberculosis
- Sources: Stern/NIOSH, 2000; Roscoe et al., AJPH, 1995.
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- SMRs among 757 Navajo underground uranium miners*
- 3x-5x lung cancer (Gilliland, 2000: underestimates true SMR)
- 2.5x pneumoconiosis, silicosis, others
- 2.5x tuberculosis
- Note(*): Navajo rates compared to non-white mortality rates
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